Background: It is important to deal with the scapula when developing rehabilitation strategies for the shoulder complex. This requires clinical measurement tools that are readily available and easy to ...

in the scapula, angles, and borders, where muscles and fibers attach to the scapula. The scapula is located behind the shoulders. It’s attached to the humerus (the upper arm bone) via a ball-and ...

Careful observation of the resting scapular position and dynamic motion of the scapula with arm motion will demonstrate protraction in many cases of MDI. This will be especially noted in the arm ...