The scale eventually needs to be removed, usually by hand scrubbing or by using acid. Heating water to form steam requires energy. Which means the operating costs for distillation units are generally ...

Operators can arrange vessels in various configurations to establish several reaction routes and even certain work-up steps such as distillation or ... devices at several scales for process transfer.

Students work in teams to safely operate pilot-plant-scale equipment, such as the constant and variable speed centrifugal pumps pictured here, in a lab with a view.

The Analytics Laboratory has an impressive collection of pilot scale production purification and separation apparatus that is highly relevant to the Chemical Engineering Industry. In particular ...