Sometime around age 12 and continuing into adulthood, most people build on their concrete reasoning and expand into abstract thinking. This stage includes the growing ability to put themselves in ...

Child psychologists think this stage is the beginning of abstract thinking. From age 12 into adolescence, children gradually develop the capacity to analyze, extrapolate, generalize, and empathize.

‌Concrete thinking is a more literal form of thinking that focuses on the physical world. Concrete thinkers may take information at face value without thinking beyond or generalizing the ...

"We believe that these parallel paths facilitate the creation of diverse representations of reality, enabling the unique human capability of abstract thinking," emphasizes Dr. Griffa. Dr. Griffa ...

This iterative approach—prototyping, testing, refining and sometimes starting over—creates a feedback loop where abstract thinking continually informs concrete development. The “fail faster ...